The Medal of Honor (Army) was established by Joint Resolution of Congress on 12 July 1862, as amended on 9 July 1918 and 25 July 1963. It is awarded by the President of the United States in the name of Congress to a member of the Army who distinguishes himself or herself by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his or her life above and beyond the call of duty while engaged in an action against an enemy of the United States, while engaged in military operations involving conflict with an opposing or foreign force, or while serving with friendly foreign forces engaged in an armed conflict against an opposing armed force in which the United States is not a belligerent party. The deed must have been of personal bravery or self-sacrifice so conspicuous as to clearly distinguish the individual from his or her comrades. In precedence for valor, the Medal of Honor is the nation’s highest award.